SYNOPSIS
Examples
ls -laxo
Lists files with permissions, shows hidden files, displays in a column format, and doesn't show the group.
ls -ltr
List all files by the time they were last modified in reverse order. In other words the last files listed are the most recently modified files.
ls -ltR
List all files in current directory and all subdirectories by the time they were last modifies. The first files listed are the most recently modified
ls ~
List the contents of your home directory by adding a tilde after the ls command.
ls /
List the contents of your root directory.
ls ../
List the contents of the parent directory.
ls */
List the contents of all sub directories.
ls -d */
Only list the directories in the current directory.
DESCRIPTION
List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default). Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuSUX nor --sort.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
| -a | Shows you all files, even files that are hidden (these files begin with a dot.) |
| -A | List all files including the hidden files. However, does not display the working directory (.) or the parent directory (..). |
| -b | Force printing of non-printable characters to be in octal \ddd notation. |
| -c | Use time of last modification of the i-node (file created, mode changed, and so forth) for sorting (-t) or printing (-l or -n). |
| -C | Multi-column output with entries sorted down the columns. Generally this is the default option. |
| -d | If an argument is a directory it only lists its name not its contents. |
| -f | Force each argument to be interpreted as a directory and list the name found in each slot. This option turns off -l, -t, -s, and -r, and turns on -a; the order is the order in which entries appear in the directory. |
| -F | Mark directories with a trailing slash (/), doors with a trailing greater-than sign (>), executable files with a trailing asterisk (*), FIFOs with a trailing vertical bar (|), symbolic links with a trailing at-sign (@), and AF_Unix address family sockets with a trailing equals sign (=). |
| -g | Same as -l except the owner is not printed. |
| -i | For each file, print the i-node number in the first column of the report. |
| -l | Shows you huge amounts of information (permissions, owners, size, and when last modified.) |
| -L | If an argument is a symbolic link, list the file or directory the link references rather than the link itself. |
| -m | Stream output format; files are listed across the page, separated by commas. |
| -n | The same as -l, except that the owner's UID and group's GID numbers are printed, rather than the associated character strings. |
| -o | The same as -l, except that the group is not printed. |
| -p | Displays a slash ( / ) in front of all directories. |
| -q | Force printing of non-printable characters in file names as the character question mark (?). |
| -r | Reverses the order of how the files are displayed. |
| -R | Includes the contents of subdirectories. |
| -s | Give size in blocks, including indirect blocks, for each entry. |
| -t | Shows you the files in modification time. |
| -u | Use time of last access instead of last modification for sorting (with the -t option) or printing (with the -l option). |
| -x | Displays files in columns. |
| -1 | Print one entry per line of output. |
| pathnames | File or directory to list. |